However, PAR in the recently colonised areas and the nearest range core sites (Fennoscandia, Baltic countries, Germany, and Poland) showed a highly significant negative relationship with latitude ( r 2 = 0.92, β = −3.96 × 10 −4 , SE = 4.31 × 10 −5 , t = −9.19, p = 3.73 × 10 −5 ).
For recoveries south of 49° N ( n = 59), the birds ringed in eastern parts of Finland had a marginally significant tendency to be recovered at more eastern longitudes, and vice versa ( β = 0.98, SE = 0.51, t = 1.92, p = 0.059), but the correlation between ringing longitude and recovery direction was not significant ( β = 0.50, SE = 0.72, t = 0.695, p = 0.49).