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Factors associated with ultra-processed foods consumption: cooking and food preparation skills and food literacy.

BMC Public Health · 2025 · PMC12462269 · PMID 40993609

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an increasing trendno p-value reported
Although there is limited research on the relationship between UPF consumption and food literacy, household surveys in Brazil show an increasing trend in the consumption of processed and UPF foods, while the consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods continues to decline [ 23 ].

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