Barely Significant
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Early-stage lumbar paraspinal muscle injury: endoscopic versus transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a retrospective comparative analysis.

J Orthop Surg Res · 2025 · PMC12465678 · PMID 41013493

Europe PMCDOI
1
hedged sentence
0.0500
closest p · 1.0× alpha
0.0500
boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significanceP = 0.05actually significant
The borderline significance of early leg pain reduction ( P = 0.05) warrants caution in interpretation.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.