Chronic Carbonate Alkalinity Exposure Induces Dysfunction in Ovary and Testis Development in Largemouth Bass <i>Micropterus salmoides</i> by Oxidative Damage and Sex-Specific Pathways.

Antioxidant Indices and Variation in Sex Hormone Levels In female largemouth bass, after 80 days of exposure the change in the serum antioxidant indices of SOD, CAT, and TAOC showed a decreasing trend, while the MDA content showed an increasing trend, and there were significant differences among the three groups ( Figure 2 A–D).

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The total area of saline–alkaline land exceeds 99 million hectares (ha), with low-lying saline–alkaline water bodies covering ~46 million ha; both figures show an increasing trend annually [ 3 , 4 ].

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