Autonomic Dysregulation Mediates the Association Between Childhood Trauma and Pain Severity: Evidence from a Mediation Model.

In this model, age emerged as a significant predictor (β = 0.206, p = 0.020), with older participants reporting higher autonomic reactivity, while gender showed a marginal trend (β = −0.194, p = 0.028), suggesting that women (coded as 0) exhibited higher BPQ scores than men (coded as 1).

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However, as shown in Table 5 , the univariate score test revealed a marginally significant difference for path a (CTQ_CPEA → BPQ; χ 2 (1) = 3.880, p = 0.049), indicating a potential gender-specific variation in how childhood trauma relates to autonomic reactivity.

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