Exploring Sexual Dimorphism and Asymmetry in Quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix</i>) Feet Using Geometric Morphometrics.

Importantly, despite its lower contribution, DA was highly significant for both shape and size (shape: F = 23.28, Z = 6.94, p = 0.001; size: F = 43.17, Z = 4.40, p = 0.001), indicating that the left–right differences represent a consistent, biologically meaningful asymmetry rather than statistical noise.

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