Host identity, more than elevation, shapes bee microbiomes along a tropical elevation gradient.

For sweat bees, microbial richness exhibited an unimodal pattern that was marginally significant, with the highest richness observed at mid elevations, while microbial diversity increased linearly with elevation. 3.3 Elevation and host taxonomic identity both predict bacterial community composition The Mantel test revealed that elevation influences microbial community structure; thus, bees located at similar elevations tend to have more similar microbial communities than bees from differing elevations ( Table 1a ).

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