a trend toward significancep = 0.089
Postoperative pneumonia (OR 3.22, 95% CI 1.46–7.11, p = 0.004) and BMI > 30 kg/m 2 (OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.15–7.02, p = 0.023) emerged as significant secondary predictors, while hypoalbuminemia (< 3g/dL) demonstrated a trend toward significance (OR 1.89, 95% CI 0.91–3.94, p = 0.089).