SARS-CoV-2 mutant spectrum complexity is an epidemiologically evolvable trait.

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2025 · PMC12501184 · PMID 40991435

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highly significantno p-value reported

In the present study, we have established that the mutant spectrum complexity of SARS-CoV-2 underwent a highly significant decrease in complexity as the COVID-19 pandemic progressed.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

The spike (S) genomic region is the one that accumulated the largest number of mutations as the pandemic progressed, with a nonsynonymous to synonymous ratio of 8.2 (range of 3.0 to 15.3, with an increasing trend of the ratio in virus from late waves), in agreement with other studies ( 66 ).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.