T-DNA orientation, distance between two T-DNAs, and the transformation target cells significantly impact vector backbone integration and efficiency of generating marker-free transgenic plants in a co-transformation system.

Plant J · 2025 · PMC12503609 · PMID 41056535

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hedged sentence

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closest p · 0.0× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantP = 1.03 × 10 −12actually significant

A chi‐squared test confirmed a highly significant association between vector construct and co‐transformation frequency ( χ 2 (3) = 58.87, P = 1.03 × 10 −12 ).

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