The neuro-immune crosstalk between periphery and central nervous system during acute immune response to virus-mimicking RNA in parrots.

Yet, we found a highly significant upregulation of IL6 expression at 3 and 6 h after stimulation in both high-dose poly(I:C)—(Tukey HSD: 3 h, p = 0.008 and 6 h, p = 0.001, respectively; electronic supplementary material, table S12) and low-dose poly(I:C)—(Tukey HSD: 3 h, p = 0.013 and 6 h, p = 0.003, respectively; electronic supplementary material, table S12) treated birds compared to controls (MAM5: interaction treatment: time, p << 0.001; table 1 ; full model 5 in the electronic supplementary material, table S11; and figure 3B ).

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Despite the full MAM being marginally non-significant (MAM6 : treatment; p = 0.051, table 1 ; full model 6 in the electronic supplementary material, table S11; figure 4A ), this suggests a systemic PRR response to the poly(I:C) stimulation.

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