Error Awareness Can Occur in the Absence of an Error-Related Negativity.

For correct trials, the waveform in the time range of the Ne/ERN showed a more negative mean amplitude for the 133‐SMI condition ( M = 0.62 μV, SE = 0.18 μV) than for the 250‐SMI condition ( M = 1.09 μV, SE = 0.18 μV), which, however, reached only marginal significance, t (20) = 1.84, p = 0.080, d = 0.402.

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In sum, there was a highly significant Ne/ERN and Pe for both error types and SMI conditions.

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