Lipid nanoparticle-mediated mRNA/siRNA dual-bioengineered dendritic cell vaccines combined of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade for boosting tumor immunotherapy.

In contrast, the Engineered DCs + Anti-PD-L1 group maintained 100 % survival throughout the observation period (up to 45 days), and statistical analysis confirmed highly significant survival differences compared to other groups ( Fig. 6 H).

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