Synergistic and individual actions of nanoemulsified vegetable oil and betaine as natural growth promoters on broiler performance, serum proteins, lipid profile, and safety enzymes.

A highly significant ( p < 0.05) negative correlation was observed between average body weight gain and FCR at 21−28 days (R 2 = −0.926), 29−35 days (R 2 = −0.958), and 21–35 days (R 2 = −0.962), indicating that greater weight gain was consistently associated with improved feed efficiency under prolonged supplementation.

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