A longitudinal study of four-year changes in physical fitness among university students before and after COVID-19: 2019-2022.

PLoS One · 2025 · PMC12513638 · PMID 41071790

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

For the sit-reach test, both males (F = 11.032, p < 0.01) and females (F = 144.36, p < 0.01) exhibited a decreasing trend over time, with no significant difference between 2019 and 2020 in either group.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

In the longitudinal study on the university students’ obesity detection rates, an increasing trend year by year was observed.

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