Global burden of six musculoskeletal disorders in women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12514240 · PMID 41073600

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

In contrast, the ASDR for LBP caused by occupational ergonomic factors and smoking showed a decreasing trend, with EAPC of − 0.34 (95% CI − 0.37 to − 0.31) and − 1.39 (95% CI − 1.45 to − 1.33), respectively.

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