Nano Zinc Oxide Toxicity Varies With Age and Sex in Panagrellus redivivus.

A comparison of the survival rate of J2 stage individuals with J3/4 stage and adult individuals in the case of 15 nm ZnO revealed that J2 stage larvae exhibited significantly greater sensitivity than J3/4 (Table 5b1 ), although only a marginally significant difference was observed when comparing them to adults (Table 5b2 ).

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All larval stages (J2, J3‐J4) exhibited a highly significant difference, while the adult group demonstrated a lower significant difference between 15 and 140 nm ZnO, in favor of 140 nm ZnO toxicity.

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