Spatiotemporal evolution and trade-offs/synergies of ecosystem services in Hubei Province.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12518542 · PMID 41083666

Europe PMC DOI

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

However, NPP showed a decreasing trend in the northern and northeastern parts of Hubei Province, and the maximum decrease in NPP was 529 g/m 2 .

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Only CS of construction land showed an increasing trend.

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