A Maternal and Postnatal Ad Libitum Propionic Acid-Rich Diet in Mice Alters Intestinal Glia Proliferation and Inflammatory Response: Contrary to Effect in the Brain.

As opposed to the pro-inflammatory cytokines, the gene expression and protein concentration of IL-10 (an anti-inflammatory cytokine) was significantly increased in the 5 M study ( p -value < 0.01 (**)) and showed an increasing trend at 1 M.

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In the 1 M study, IL-6 gene expression showed a decreasing trend ( Figure 3 A), where the expression of IL-6 in the control was 3.2423 × 10 −3 (±2.7657 × 10 −3 ), while in the PPA group it was 2.0273 × 10 −3 (±1.7819 × 10 −3 ).

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