borderline significantp = 0.051
In this reduced model of five studies ( n = 2,464), the common-effect model yielded a borderline significant result (SMD = −0.079, 95% CI: −0.158 to 0.0004, p = 0.051), while the random-effects model remained non-significant (SMD = −0.077, 95% CI: −0.195 to 0.042, p = 0.204).