highly significantp < 0.001
The Kruskal–Wallis H test confirmed highly significant overall differences across senescence phases ( p < 0.001), with effect sizes (ε2 = 0.094–0.098) indicating moderate strength.
The Kruskal–Wallis H test confirmed highly significant overall differences across senescence phases ( p < 0.001), with effect sizes (ε2 = 0.094–0.098) indicating moderate strength.