Global, regional, and national burden of lung cancer attributable to second-hand smoke from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Front Oncol · 2025 · PMC12537378 · PMID 41127019

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

an increasing trendno p-value reported

When both the EAPC and its 95% confidence interval (CI) exceed 0, the ASRs exhibit an increasing trend, whereas values below 0 indicate a decreasing trend.

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