What Influences Women's Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Preconception Care? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Prior contraceptive use demonstrated a positive trend (OR = 3.43, 95% CI:0.88-13.38, p = 0.08), and notably, PCC counseling experience showed the strongest association with 9.41-fold improved practices (95% CI:4.96-17.84, p < 0.001).

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Training Three studies (N = 1,597) demonstrated that women with prior PCC training had 13.47-fold higher odds of adequate PCC knowledge than untrained counterparts (AOR = 13.47, 95% CI:4.77–38.01, p < 0.00001), with moderate heterogeneity (I 2 = 59%, p = 0.08) but highly significant effects (Z = 4.91) under random-effects modeling ( Figure 6 ).

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The wide confidence interval crossing 1.0 and marginal significance (Z = 1.77) indicate uncertain clinical relevance.

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