Compared to the non-extruded group, the expression levels of these differential metabolites exhibit highly significant changes following extrusion treatment ( P < 0.01), suggesting that the extrusion process markedly activates the metabolic activity of this pathway.
This analysis identified 48 pathways, among which the original p -value of the “Intestinal IgA network” pathway was 0.0011, and after FDR correction, it was 0.0916 (in the marginally significant range), but its Pathway Impact reached 1.0, suggesting that this pathway occupies a key topological position in the overall metabolic remodeling.