Selective Listening to Unpredictable Sound Sequences Increases Tonic Muscle Activity in the Human Vestigial Auriculomotor System.

Fully consistent with the tonic PAM amplitude analysis shown in Figures 2 and 3 , these pre-stimulus differences were confirmed to be highly significant for standard [ t (16) = 5.04, p = 1.21 · 10 −4 ] as well as deviant stimuli [ t (16) = 6.00, p = 1.88 · 10 −5 ], thereby demonstrating that the observed attention effects resulted from continuously elevated muscle tone in the PAM ipsilateral to the attended side and were not dependent upon amplitude differences in time-locked post-stimulus responses.

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