Increased BMP/SMAD Signaling by PD-MSCs Promotes Bone Formation in an Ovariectomized Mouse Model of Osteoporosis.

Int J Mol Sci · 2025 · PMC12562897 · PMID 41155310

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

—

closest p

—

boldest claim

The sentences

an increasing trendno p-value reported

Bone formation-related markers such as TNFRSF11B (Osteoprotegerin/OPG), which acts as a decoy receptor inhibiting osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, and BGLAP2 (Osteocalcin) and ALPL (Alkaline Phosphatase), which play essential roles in osteoblast activity and mineralization [ 30 ], exhibited a significant decrease in both mRNA and protein levels in the NTx group, while showing an increasing trend in the Tx group.

also in 63,971 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.