highly significantp < 0.001
The body surface area increased continuously and significantly from the 1st to 5th instar: there was a highly significant difference between the 1st and 2nd instars (one-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD test, p < 0.001), and extremely significant differences were observed in subsequent instar transitions (one-way ANOVA with post hoc LSD test, p < 0.001), reflecting the continuous expansion of body surface area ( Figure 2 C).