a decreasing trendp = 0.000
The mean dispersal distances under the 20%, 10%, and 5% refuge patterns were 19.91 cm, 3.33 cm, and 0.00 cm, respectively, showing a decreasing trend ( F 4,10 = 50.711, p = 0.000) ( Figure 5 C).
The mean dispersal distances under the 20%, 10%, and 5% refuge patterns were 19.91 cm, 3.33 cm, and 0.00 cm, respectively, showing a decreasing trend ( F 4,10 = 50.711, p = 0.000) ( Figure 5 C).