Barely Significant
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The Effects of Philosophy for Children on Children's Cognitive Development: A Three-Level Meta-Analysis.

J Intell · 2025 · PMC12565533 · PMID 41149769

Europe PMCDOI
2
hedged sentences
0.0900
closest p · 1.8× alpha
0.0900
boldest claim

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marginal significancep = 0.09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)
Taken together, small-sample effects and baseline differences help explain this pattern, though the marginal significance ( p = 0.09) calls for further larger cross-cultural evidence. 5.2.5.

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marginally significantno p-value reported
Additionally, cultural context and session length showed marginally significant moderating effects.

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