an increasing trendp > 0.5
In the shrub layer, the Simpson, Shannon, and Pielou indices showed no significant changes across the expansion gradient, although the Shannon index exhibited an increasing trend with deeper expansion (τ ≈ 0, p > 0.5).
In the shrub layer, the Simpson, Shannon, and Pielou indices showed no significant changes across the expansion gradient, although the Shannon index exhibited an increasing trend with deeper expansion (τ ≈ 0, p > 0.5).
Across all four shrub-community stages, NRI and NTI values were < 0, indicating overall phylogenetic overdispersion; NRI showed a decreasing trend with deeper expansion, but this trend was not statistically significant.
Permutation tests further showed that Moso bamboo cover was a significant predictor across all strata; among the soil variables, pH was significant in the tree layer, while total phosphorus (TP) was significant in the shrub layer (and marginally significant in the herb layer).