Decadal trends in global grassland growth peaks and their drivers since the 1980s.

Similarly, GPP max_EC-LUE also followed the same pattern with NDVI max , showing an increasing trend from 1982 to 2018 at a rate of 1.13 ± 0.12 × 10 −2 g C m −2 d −1 yr −1 (t (35) = 9.67, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.89 × 10 −2 , 1.36 × 10 −2 ]), but declining during the 1998-2009 period at a rate of −0.51 ± 0.29 × 10 −2 g C m −2 d −1 yr −1 (t (10) = −1.77, P = 0.11, 95% CI [−1.14 × 10 −2 , 0.13 × 10 −2 ], Supplementary Fig. 2c ).

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These regions also showed a decreasing trend in PPT (Supplementary Figs. 6b , 13 ).

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