Two-stage sampling for better survival model performance.

An increasing trend in overall performance, i.e., a high C-index and a low Brier Score (top left corner in the plot), is observed when increasing the proportion of samples used for training (Fig. 4 a. green curve).

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We also observe a decreasing trend in performance in the external validation dataset as more samples were included in the training data, suggesting that the optimal train-test split ratio is contingent on the characteristics of the data.

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