The global burden and trends of esophageal cancer caused by smoking among men from 1990 to 2021 and projections to 2040: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease 2021.

Eur J Med Res · 2025 · PMC12574028 · PMID 41168863

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Although the EC mortality burden in China has shown a decreasing trend from 2008 to 2021, it continues to pose a substantial threat to public health [ 31 ].

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highly significantno p-value reported

This is highly significant on a global scale [ 32 , 33 ].

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.