Trends in the global burden of cystic echinococcosis among children and adolescents from 1990 to 2021: An analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

It is noteworthy that between 1990 and 1996, the ASPR with APC of 1.78% from 1990 to 1993 and 0.54% from 1993 to 1996) and the ASIR (APC of 1.01%) showed an increasing trend.

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Similarly, the annual change in ASDR also exhibited a decreasing trend, with the change sequence from high to low being: high SDI regions, high-middle SDI regions, middle SDI regions, low SDI regions, and low-middle SDI regions ( Table 1 ).

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The consistent effect sizes across both correlation measures and the highly significant p-values provide confidence in the reported relationship, indicating a significant decline in prevalence with increasing SDI.

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