an increasing trendp < 0.05
We validated the top five upregulated genes from RNA‐seq using qPCR, each showing an increasing trend in expression after RR‐sEV treatment compared to control (Figure S9A ) with NDUFA6 showing a significant increase upon RR‐sEV treatment ( p < 0.05) This enrichment pattern, driven largely by mitochondrial and electron transport chain‐associated genes, reinforces a role for mitochondrial reprogramming.