Vaccine Hesitancy in the Autism Spectrum Disorder Context: Parental Vaccine Decision-Making and Coping with Stress Strategies.

While not reaching statistical significance, the odds ratio of 1.40 (95% CI: 0.45–4.40) for these siblings not being vaccinated—despite the index child receiving routine vaccinations— indicates a possible trend of hesitancy or refusal.This observation is in line with a comprehensive study conducted in the USA, which included 3,729 children with ASD and 592,907 without, revealing that the adjusted relative risk for full vaccination among siblings in the ASD group varied between 0.86 and 0.96, influenced by age groups (Zerbo et al., 2018 ).

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