Metagenomic analysis reveals the abundance changes of bacterial communities and antibiotic resistance genes in the influent and effluent of hospital wastewater.

Standard ANOVA analysis revealed highly significant differences in mean values among groups, ***p < 0.001.

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At the species level, although the numbers of unigenes annotated to most species decreased in the effluent, the numbers of unigenes annotated to some species show an increasing trend, such as Fluviibacter phosphoraccumulans , Pseudomonas reinekei , Acidimicrobiia bacterium , and Ottowia sp.

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Overall relative abundance of ARGs showed a decreasing trend in the effluent compared to the influent ( Fig 5A ), whereas the proportion of a certain gene did not vary consistently between the influent and effluent ( Fig 5B ). 3.6 Analysis of significantly different ARGs in the influent and effluent of medical wastewater and distribution of resistance mechanisms To study the significantly different ARGs between groups, Metastats and LEfSe analyses were used to assess the impact of different ARGs.

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