Striatal and hippocampal contributions to instrumental learning in the mouse using high-resolution behavioral monitoring and fMRI.

3G ), with VS showing significantly stronger responses in expert mice (naïve: 1.022% ± 0.366, expert: 1.701% ± 0.599; t (9) = 3.337, P = 0.009, Cohen’s d = 1.06), DLS demonstrating marginally significant preferential responses in experts (naïve: 0.546% ± 0.279; expert: 0.939% ± 0.328; two-tailed paired Student’s t- test: t (9) = 2.906, P = 0.017, Cohen’s d = 0.92), and DMS exhibiting stable responses during learning (naïve: 0.504% ± 0.255; expert: 0.625% ± 0.395; t (9) = 1.414, P = 0.191, Cohen’s d = 0.45), suggesting that the latter is less affected by association related to the olfactory stimulus as these associations developed during learning (statistical thresholds were adjusted for multiple comparisons using Bonferroni-adjusted alpha levels of 0.0167 per test).

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We observed preferential responses to trials with fast reaction times in the DLS (slow RT: 0.471% ± 0.174, fast RT: 0.733% ± 0.233; two-tailed paired Student’s t- test: t (9) = 3.014, P = 0.015, Cohen’s d = 0.95), a trend toward significance in DMS (slow RT: 0.315% ± 0.223, fast RT: 0.575% ± 0.273; t (9) = 2.266, P = 0.05, Cohen’s d = 0.72) and RT-independent response in the VS (slow RT: 0.973% ± 0.591, fast RT: 1.193% ± 0.261; t (9) = 1.288, P = 0.23, Cohen’s d = 0.41), suggesting that the dorsal, but not ventral, striatum is affected by decision making and motor aspects of the task, and consistent with the role of DLS in skilled movement and habitual actions.

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