Global burden, trends and inequalities of hepatitis B among women of childbearing age, 1990-2021.

Ann Med · 2025 · PMC12587792 · PMID 41186359

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

An increasing trend in the age-standardized rate was considered when the 95% CI of the corresponding EAPC estimation was greater than 0, a decreasing trend when the 95% CI was less than 0 and a stable trend was considered when the 95% CI included 0.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Both the number of chronic HBV infection cases and HBV-related deaths in low socio-demographic index (SDI) region showed an increasing trend.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.