Variability in water quality and chlorophyll a in the middle route of the south to north water diversion project.

The annual average pH, which ranged from 8.08 to 8.35, indicates a slightly alkaline condition that also increased gradually over the years; the annual average DO was relatively high at between 9.71 and 10.30 mg/L; the annual average COD Mn ranged from 1.94 mg/L to 2.16 mg/L; the annual average TN ranged from 1.05 to 1.32 mg/L, showing an increasing trend; and the annual average TP remained consistently low, ranging from 0.005 to 0.007 mg/L.

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The spatial differences in the water temperature were not significant (ANOVA, p > 0.05) and showed a decreasing trend along the route, with the multi-year average water temperature decreasing from 18.12 °C at the southernmost TC section to 16.95 °C at the northernmost HNZ section and 16.92 °C at the WHH section.

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