Evidence for the evolution of male and female cardinals' plumage colouration being affected by both natural and sexual selection.

BMC Ecol Evol · 2025 · PMC12590758 · PMID 41193991

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0580

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0580

boldest claim

The sentences

marginally non-significantp = 0.058so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

There was also a negative but marginally non-significant association between males’ colour volume and body mass ( p = 0.058), with larger males being less colored than in smaller species.

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