Postbiotic supplementation promotes gut barrier integrity and immune balance in cats via microbiota modulation.

Front Microbiol · 2025 · PMC12592049 · PMID 41209733

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Conversely, IL-4 ( Figure 5E ) and IL-10 ( Figure 5G ) levels exhibited an increasing trend, suggesting an enhanced anti-inflammatory response.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

TNF- α levels ( Figure 5A ) exhibited a decreasing trend across the groups, with concentrations of 53.53 pg./mL in the CG group, 48.82 pg./mL in the LDP group, and 45.01 pg./mL in the HDP group.

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