Key findings after PSM implementation: (1) Serum lead levels were significantly elevated in CRC patients versus controls ( p = 0.07) (Table 3 ), though this marginal significance may reflect baseline intergroup imbalances; (2) Subsequent survey-weighted logistic regression—both unadjusted and adjusted for confounders—consistently established elevated serum lead as an independent risk factor for CRC (Table 4 ).
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Associations of serum lead with colorectal cancer: data from NHANES 1999-2020.
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