Exogenous melatonin mediates physiological and photosynthetic response mechanisms of maize cultivars under waterlogging stress.

Studies have indicated an increasing trend of waterlogging disasters during the emergence-to-anthesis stages of maize over the past 50 years [ 26 , 27 ], leading to severe lodging and ultimately impacting yield [ 28 ].

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The biomass of maize showed a decreasing trend with increasing waterlogging (Fig. 1 E-J), with the minimum magnitude reducing plant height and dry weight of ZD 958 by 13.11% and 34.65% under mild waterlogging stress, respectively, and reducing plant height of C 7 − 2 and dry weight of ZD 958 by 16.55% and 31.63% under severe waterlogging stress, respectively.

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