Global, regional, and national burden of gastrointestinal cancers in early onset and young women, 1990-2021: analysis of data from the Global Burden of Disease study 2021.

J Gastrointest Oncol · 2025 · PMC12598334 · PMID 41220740

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

If the EAPC and its 95% CI are less than 0, this signifies a decreasing trend in ASR.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

The aim of this study was to assess the dynamic trends in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and DALYs of GI cancers among early onset and young women from 1990 to 2021, employing the formula: [2] y = α + β x + ε [3] E A P C = 100 × [ exp ( β ) − 1 ] ( x : year, y : the natural logarithm of rates, α : the intercept, β : the slope, ε : the random error) An EAPC and its 95% confidence interval (CI) exceeding 0 signifies an increasing trend in ASR over time.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.