Modified Bufei decoction improves calf health by enhancing immunity, reducing inflammation, and modulating gut microbiota.

Front Vet Sci · 2025 · PMC12605439 · PMID 41234407

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

an increasing trendno p-value reported

Immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) and antioxidants (CAT, GSH, T-SOD, and T-AOC, all with p < 0.05) showed an increasing trend, while inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF- α , and IL-1β) and MDA exhibited a decreasing trend.

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