Impact of Tobacco Smoke Exposure on Male Fertility: An In Vivo Study Using <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>.

Specifically, the reduction in OK was statistically significant ( p = 0.014, d = 0.81, CI 95% = [0.15, 1.47]), and in mus308 , the reduction was highly significant ( p = 0.002, d = 1.25, CI 95% = [0.49, 2.01])—suggesting a cytotoxic effect of smoke exposure on spermatogenesis or viability.

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