Bidirectional relationship between child happiness and sleep quality and the predictive role of prenatal psychosocial support: results from U.S. and China cohort studies.

World J Pediatr · 2025 · PMC12627121 · PMID 40442376

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

an increasing trendno p-value reported

Happiness showed an overall declining trend in both cohorts, whereas sleep quality demonstrated an increasing trend in China’s CJCC but a decreasing trend in the U.S.’s HBBS.

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