Stage 1 type 1 diabetes memory B lymphocytes transcriptionally differ from healthy controls and harbor insulin-binding specificities.

When the clusters were collapsed into their respective subset, the naïve subset maintained a marginally significant increase in frequency in the Stage 1 T1D individuals ( P = 0.0464), while the plasmablast subset maintained a significant decrease in cell frequency in Stage 1 individuals compared to healthy controls ( P = 0.0190) ( Fig.

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