Dietary factors and colorectal cancer risk in Asian populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

We also found that calcium consumption may reduce CRC and colon cancer risk at borderline significance levels and that a healthy dietary pattern reduces colon cancer risk.

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While our findings are consistent with those of previous studies, our subgroup analyses revealed that the pooled results of Japanese studies indicate a borderline significant protective effect of coffee against CRC, suggesting the need for further research.

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